Abstract Background The early diagnosis of cancer is of crucial importance and a key prognostic factor.Cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) can be symptomatic prior to other manifestations directly related to malignant tumors.The aim of this study was to show that, in selected cases, ophthalmic findings are consistent enough with the diagnosis of CA
Heterologous production of the adhesin LIC13411 from pathogenic Leptospira facilitates binding of non-pathogenic Leptospira in vitro and in vivo
Leptospirosis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.Disease severity ranges from asymptomatic colonization to widespread hemorrhage and multiorgan dysfunction.The causative agents, Leptospira spp., are zoonotic Gram-negative spirochetes.One important step in pathogenesis is binding of bacterial adhesins Oversized Tee to host co
Hemolymph Parameters Are a Useful Tool for Assessing Bivalve Health and Water Quality
Bivalves play a key role in aquatic Blue Bottle Lamp ecosystems and are a valuable commercial resource.The prosperity of these aquatic organisms depends mainly on the effectiveness of their immune defense, in which the hemolymph plays a central role.Hemolymph may be used as an effective non-lethal criterion of health.However, the predictive value o
A notodontid novelty: Theroa zethus caterpillars use behavior and anti-predator weaponry to disarm host plants.
Unlike most notodontids, Theroa zethus larvae feed on plants that emit copious latex when damaged.To determine how the larvae overcome this defense, we filmed final instars on poinsettia, Euphorbia pulcherrima, then simulated their behaviors and tested how the behaviors individually and combined affect latex exudation.Larvae initially scraped the s